Regulatory compliance risk management integrates the identification of applicable regulatory requirements with ongoing monitoring, testing, and reporting to prevent violations that could result in penalties, sanctions, or reputational damage. Organizations maintain compliance obligation registers mapping requirements to responsible controls and conduct periodic gap analyses to ensure adherence. Pharmaceutical companies, for example, implement comprehensive programs covering FDA regulations, clinical trial protocols, and manufacturing quality standards. The discipline has evolved from reactive checkbox compliance to proactive risk-based prioritization, focusing resources on highest-impact regulatory obligations. Effective programs integrate compliance testing with internal audit, legal review, and operational risk management functions.