Just-In-Time Inventory Risk reflects the tradeoff between cost efficiency and resilience in lean supply chain strategies. While minimizing inventory reduces carrying costs and waste, it leaves organizations vulnerable to supplier failures, transportation disruptions, or demand spikes. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed this fragility when semiconductor shortages halted automotive production at companies with no buffer stock. Organizations managed JIT risk by diversifying suppliers, nearshoring critical components, and selectively increasing safety stock for high-impact materials. The shift toward 'just-in-case' approaches prioritizes resilience over efficiency where disruption costs exceed inventory savings. Effective management requires data-driven analysis balancing cost optimization with supply continuity for each component based on criticality and supply risk.